What is Chronic Oedema?

Chronic oedema is swelling that persists for more than three months, typically affecting both legs due to fluid buildup in the tissues. This condition can significantly impact an individual’s health, mobility, and independence, increasing the risk of infections and wounds if left unmanaged.

Key Findings from the Study

This Australian study—the largest of its kind—examined 459 participants receiving home care and found that 38.1% had chronic oedema. These findings emphasize the need for routine screening in older adults to ensure timely intervention.

Who is at Risk?

The study identified several key risk factors associated with chronic lower limb oedema:

• Heart Conditions: Chronic heart failure and ischaemic heart disease significantly increase the risk, with heart failure raising the odds by 3.7 times.
• Reduced Mobility: Using a mobility aid was strongly linked to oedema, likely due to decreased physical activity and reduced calf muscle efficiency.
• Age: The risk of chronic oedema increases with age.
  Dementia Paradox: Interestingly, dementia was associated with a lower risk of oedema, possibly because individuals with dementia tend to move more frequently (e.g., wandering), which may promote better circulation.

Why Screening for Oedema is Essential

Routine screening plays a crucial role in early detection and timely treatment. The study found that non-health professionals, such as case managers, can effectively conduct screenings using simple tools. One effective method is the pitting test, where gentle pressure is applied to the top of the foot or behind the ankle bones to check for swelling. This quick and accessible technique makes screening possible even in areas with limited healthcare resources.

Managing Chronic Oedema

Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve quality of life. Key management strategies include:

• Compression Therapy: Helps improve circulation and lymphatic drainage.
• Physical Activity: Encouraging movement activates the muscle pump, reducing fluid buildup.
• Addressing Underlying Conditions: Managing conditions such as heart failure or obesity can help control oedema.

What can we do?

Routine screening for chronic lower limb oedema should be a priority, particularly for older adults with heart conditions or mobility issues. This study underscores the importance of training non-health professionals to identify chronic oedema early, ensuring timely and effective management. By raising awareness and implementing regular screenings, we can significantly improve outcomes for older adults living with this condition.